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<BC-68.TXT> Pooled References GENERAL INDEX
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NATURALLY
OCCURRING BIOLOGICAL PEST
CONTROL IN CANADA (Contacts) Canada traditionally has been involved in
classical biological control almost from the time emphasis was being given to
this approach to pest control in California. The advent of pesticide
resistance in pests of orchard crops especially, caused researcher to focus
attention on naturally occurring controls. The value of natural predators in
the forest biome was also quickly appreciated following intense studies on
the population dynamics of a number of invaded and native insect pests. Research
by the government laboratory in Bellville focused attention a wide array of
studies designed for a better understanding of parasitoids and predators in
general as well as classical biological control. Unfortunately, this
laboratory was later abandoned and the researchers scattered to all parts of
Canada. Listed in the references are some of the more prominent references
referring to naturally occurring biological control. REFERENCES: & <POOLED.REF> [Additional references
may be found at MELVYL
Library ] Andrés, L. A., C. J. Davis, P.
Harris & A. J. Wapshere. 1976. Biological control of weeds, p. 481-99. In:
C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of
Biological Control. Academic Press, New York. 788 p. Bay, E. C., C. O. Berg, H. C.
Chapman & E. F. Legner. 1976. Biological control of medical and
veterinary pests, pp. 457-79. In: Theory and Practice of Biological
Control, C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.). Academic Press, New
York, N.Y. 788 p. Bellows, T. S., Jr. & T. W.
Fisher, (eds) 1999. Handbook of Biological Control: Principles and
Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. LeRoux, E. J. 1960. Effects of
'modified' and 'commercial' spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in
Quebec. Ann. Soc. Ent. Quebec 76:
87-119. LeRoux, E. J. 1971. Biological
control attempts on pome fruits (apple and pear) in North America. 1860-1970.
Canad. Ent. 103: 963-74. LeRoux, E. J., R. O. Paradis &
M. Hudon. 1963. Major mortality factors in the population dynamics of the
eye-spotted bud moth, the pistol casebearer, the fruit-tree leaf roller and
the European corn borer in Quebec. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 32: 67-82. Lord, F. T. 1947. The influence of
spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia: II. Oystershell
scale, Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.). Canad. Ent. 81: 202-30. Lord, F. T., H. J. Herbert &
A. W. MacPhee. 1958. The natural control of phytophagous mites on apple trees
in Nova Scotia. Proc 10th Intern. Congr. Ent. Montreal (1956) 4: 617-22. Lord, F. T. & D. K. R. Stewart. 1961. Effects of increasing the
nitrogen level of apple leaves on mite and predator populations. Canad. Ent.
93: 924-27. MacLellan, C. R. 1958. Role of
woodpeckers in control of the codling moth in Nova Scotia. Canad. Ent. 90:
18-22. MacLellan, C. R. 1963. Predator
populations and predation on the codling moth in an integrated control
orchard-- 1961. Mem. Ent. Soc. Canad. 32: 41-54. MacLellan, C. R. 1966. Present status of codling moth
populations. 103rd Rep. Nova Scotia Fruit Growers' Assoc. p. 77-83. MacPhee, A. W. & K. H.
Sanford. 1956. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards
in Nova Scotia. X. Supplement to VII. Effects on some beneficial arthropods.
Canad. Ent. 88: 631-34. MacPhee, A. W. & C. R.
MacLellan. 1971a. Cases of naturally occurring biological control in Canada. In:
C. B. Huffaker (ed.), "Biological Control." Plenum Press, N.Y. p.
312-28. MacPhee, A. W. & C. R.
MacLellan. 1971b (1972?). Ecology of apple orchard fauna and development of
integrated pest control in Nova Scotia. Proc. Tall Timbers Conf. on Ecol.
Animal Control Habitat Management 3: 197-208. Tallahassee, Florida, Tall
Timbers Res. Station. MacPhee, A. W., L. E. Caltagirone, M. van de Vrie & E. Collyer. 1976. Biological
control of pests of temperate fruits and nuts, p. 337-58. In: C. B.
Huffaker & P. S. Messenger (eds.), Theory and Practice of Biological
Control. Academic Press, New York. Miller, C. A. 1966.. The black-headed budworm in Eastern
Canada. Canad. Ent. 98: 592-613. Morris, R. F. 1959. Single-factor
analysis in population dynamics. Ecology 40: 580-88. Patterson, N. A. 1966. The
influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia.
XVI. The long-term effect of mild pesticides on pests and their predators. J. Econ. Ent. 59: 1430-35. Patterson, N. A. & C. R.
MacLellan. 1954. Control of the codling moth and other orchard pests with
ryania. 85th Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont. p. 25-32. Pickett, A. D. 1959. Utilization
of native parasites and predators. J. Econ. Ent. 52: 1103-05. Pickett, A. D. & A. W.
MacPhee. 1965. Twenty years' experience with integrated control programmes in
Nova Scotia apple and pear orchards. Proc. 12th Intern. Cong. Ent. (London,
1964): 597. Pickett, A. D. & N. A.
Patterson. 1953. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple
orchards in Nova Scotia. IV. A review. Canad. Ent. 85: 472-78. Pickett, A. D., N. A. Patterson,
H. T. Stultz & F. T. Lord. 1946. The influence of spray programs on the
fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia: I. An appraisal of the problem and a
method of approach. Sci. Agr. 26: 590-600. Pickett, A. D., W. L. Putman &
E. J. LeRoux. 1958. Progress in harmonizing biological and chemical control
of orchard pests in eastern Canada. Proc. 10th Internatl. Congr. Ent. 3:
169-74. Putman, W. L. & D. H. C.
Herne. 1966. The role of predators and other biotic agents in regulating the
population density of phytophagous mites in Ontario peach orchards. Canad.
Ent. 98: 808-20. Sanford, K. H. & F. T. Lord.
1962. The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova
Scotia. XIII. Effects of perthane on predators. Canad. Ent. 84: 928-34. |